PREVALENSI DAN POLA KELAINAN REFRAKSI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN PIYUNGAN : STUDI KUANTITATIF BERBASIS SKRINING VISUS

Abstract

Refractive errors in elementary school children represent an important eye health problem that directly affects learning performance, concentration, and quality of life. Increased near-work activities and prolonged exposure to digital devices may accelerate the onset of refractive disorders at an early age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of refractive errors among elementary school students in Piyungan District based on visual acuity screening. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using school-based visual acuity screening. The subjects consisted of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students from six elementary schools affiliated with the Yogyakarta Academy of Optometry. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart and visual acuity applications. Students with visual acuity < 6/9 underwent objective refraction examination using an autorefractor. Data were analyzed descriptively. Among 211 examined students, the majority exhibited emmetropic refractive status. However, refractive errors were identified, predominantly myopia and compound myopic astigmatism. The prevalence of refractive errors increased with higher grade levels, with the highest prevalence observed among sixth-grade students. Refractive errors remain prevalent among elementary school children in Piyungan District, with myopia as the most common condition. Routine school-based vision screening and early refractive correction are essential to prevent long-term visual impairment and support optimal academic performance.